10 Bible Words Every Christian Should Know

The foundational vocabulary of the Christian faith

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📜 Scripture Study · 5 min read · January 2025

The Bible is the world's most widely read book, yet many of its most important words remain misunderstood or glossed over. Whether you are new to the faith or have attended church for decades, revisiting these foundational words can deepen your relationship with Scripture and with God.

Here are ten words that form the bedrock of Christian theology — each one a window into the heart of God.

1. GRACE
From the Greek: Charis (χάρις)

Grace is perhaps the most beautiful word in the Christian vocabulary. It means unmerited favour — love that is freely given, not earned. It is the very foundation of salvation: we are not saved by our goodness, but by God's grace extended to us through Jesus Christ.

"For it is by grace you have been saved, through faith — and this is not from yourselves, it is the gift of God." — Ephesians 2:8
2. COVENANT
From the Hebrew: Berith (בְּרִית)

A covenant is more than a contract. It is a sacred, binding promise — a relationship sealed by oath. Throughout Scripture, God makes covenants with Noah, Abraham, Moses, David, and ultimately with all humanity through Jesus. Understanding covenant is essential to understanding the Bible's grand story.

"I will establish my covenant as an everlasting covenant between me and you." — Genesis 17:7
3. REDEMPTION
From the Greek: Apolutrosis (ἀπολύτρωσις)

Redemption means to buy back or to set free by paying a price. In the ancient world, slaves could be redeemed by someone paying their debt. The New Testament uses this image to describe what Christ did for us — He paid the price for our sin, setting us free from its power.

"In him we have redemption through his blood, the forgiveness of sins." — Ephesians 1:7
4. RIGHTEOUSNESS
From the Hebrew: Tzedek (צֶדֶק)

Righteousness describes being in right relationship with God — living in alignment with His character and commands. In the New Testament, it takes on the additional meaning of being declared righteous before God, not because of our own merit, but because of Christ's.

"Abraham believed God, and it was credited to him as righteousness." — Romans 4:3
5. SANCTIFICATION
From the Latin: Sanctificare

If justification is the moment we are declared right with God, sanctification is the ongoing process of being made holy. It is the lifelong journey of growing more like Christ — being transformed from the inside out by the Holy Spirit.

"It is God's will that you should be sanctified." — 1 Thessalonians 4:3
6. ATONEMENT
Literally: "at-one-ment"

Atonement is the restoration of broken relationship between God and humanity. The Old Testament sacrificial system pointed toward it; Christ's death on the cross accomplished it. The word itself is uniquely English — meaning to bring into "at one" — and beautifully captures the reconciling work of God.

"He is the atoning sacrifice for our sins, and not only for ours but also for the sins of the whole world." — 1 John 2:2
7. FAITH
From the Greek: Pistis (πίστις)

Faith in the Bible is not mere belief in a set of facts. It is active trust — a placing of confidence in God so complete that it shapes how you live. The great Hebrews 11 chapter shows faith in action through the lives of Abel, Noah, Abraham, Moses, and many others.

"Now faith is confidence in what we hope for and assurance about what we do not see." — Hebrews 11:1
8. GOSPEL
From the Old English: Godspel (Good News)

Gospel simply means "good news." The good news is this: that God, out of love, sent His Son to live a perfect life, die in our place, rise again, and offer forgiveness and new life to all who trust in Him. It is the central message of the entire Bible.

"For I am not ashamed of the gospel, because it is the power of God that brings salvation." — Romans 1:16
9. REPENTANCE
From the Greek: Metanoia (μετάνοια)

Repentance is not merely feeling sorry. The Greek word metanoia means a complete change of mind — a turning from one direction to another. True repentance involves recognising our sin, genuinely grieving over it, and actively turning toward God. It is the gateway to transformation.

"Repent, then, and turn to God, so that your sins may be wiped out." — Acts 3:19
10. SHALOM
From the Hebrew: Shalom (שָׁלוֹם)

Often translated as "peace," shalom is far richer than the absence of conflict. It describes a state of wholeness, completeness, and harmony — in our relationship with God, with others, and within ourselves. It is God's ultimate vision for creation, and the destination toward which all Scripture points.

"The Lord bless you and keep you; the Lord make his face shine on you and be gracious to you; the Lord turn his face toward you and give you peace (shalom)." — Numbers 6:24-26

Why Words Matter

The theologian Karl Barth once said that theology is fundamentally about the Word — and he was right. The words we use to describe God shape how we understand Him, relate to Him, and live for Him. When we deepen our vocabulary of faith, we deepen our faith itself.

Why not test yourself on some of these words in our game? You might be surprised how much a scramble can sharpen your recall!

✝ Test Your Bible Knowledge!

See how many of these words you can unscramble in our free game.

Play Bible Word Scramble →

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